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| San Xavier del Bac Mission Church | |
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| Completed in 1797 and restored in 1997, this Franciscan
church remains one of the finest examples of Spanish Colonial architecture
in the United States, and is an example of a provincial adaptation
of late Baroque designs of Mexico, but was by then stylistically
out of date. Tour to include access to non-public portions of church
guided by the restoration architect and church historian. Continues
as an active church for O’odham people and can be site for
church services on Sunday. |
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| Canoa Ranch | |
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| Canoa Ranch is one of the oldest ranches in the Santa
Cruz River Valley. It was established in 1820 as the Spanish land
grant, San Ignacio de la Canoa. From the earliest historical records
(including those of Father Kino and Captain de Anza), this site was
known as a reliable source of water, and archaeological evidence
has uncovered Archaic Period as well as Hohokam Period sites. Although
a number of enterprises were attempted on the land grant, including
farming and a lumber operation, it was ranching that provided the
most continuous occupation of the land from 1876 to 1951. The ranch
extended over 100,000 acres and provided housing and a school for
35-40 ranch hands and their families. Remaining ranch facilities
included a main ranch house, a “long” house, guesthouse,
bunkhouse, blacksmith shop, schoolhouse and remnants of corrals,
barns and storage facilities. |
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| San Jose de Tumacacori Mission Church | |
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| Established in 1691 as a Jesuit mission, the current
Franciscan church began in 1800 and was completed 1821. Example of
an adobe frontier hall church that has undergone restoration by National
Park Service as one of their first national historic monuments. Mission
complex also includes a partially restored convento building, cemetery
and mortuary chapel. Site visit to include access to non-public ruins
of San Gabriel de Guevavi, an adobe hall church established in 1751,
and San Cayetano de Calabasas, another hall church begun by the Jesuits
in 1761 and completed by the Franciscans in 1773 and eventually converted
into a ranch house, now all under National Park Service stewardship. |
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| Patagonia | |
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| Straddled on both sides of Sonoita Creek, Patagonia
is a microcosm of the various rural town typologies that existed
in southern Arizona at the end of the 19th century. It was first
established to support mining and ranching industries in the surrounding
area as reflected in its early vernacular architecture typologies.
After the railroad arrived the town was a regional center for the
shipping out of cattle and the importation of pre-manufactured goods
that gradually transformed the architectural language of the small
town. In addition, Patagonia represents the vision of a single man,
Rollin Richardson, who as the town's real-estate magnate, controlled
its development and town character as a middle-class company town.
The town's architecture represents various types of national folk
architecture, including gable-roofed hall-and-parlor and pyramidal-roofed
four-square houses, built primarily of adobe. |
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| Empire Ranch | |
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| Located in the Cienega Valley, the ranch was established in 1876 as 160 acres and grew to one of the largest ranches in the
west, eventually covering an area 1800 square miles from the Rincon Mountains to the Mexican border. Contains many ranch building types,
but the adobe ranch house is the prominent building. The Empire Ranch is now managed by the Bureau of Land Management and operated by the
Empire Ranch Foundation. |
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| Barrio Historico Walking Tour | |
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| Consisting of many pockets of settlement, the Barrio
Historico was the first residential area to break out of Tucson’s
fortified presidio beginning in the 1860s. Composed of streets with
a continuous façade of adobe rowhouses whose form is aligned
with the street and envelopes an inner-block courtyard, typical of
the Spanish residential typologies throughout Hispano-America and
applied to 18th and 19th century Sonora. Later, late 19th and early
20th century imported styles infiltrated the Barrio in an attempt
to Americanize Tucson’s Hispanic neighborhoods. Today, the
Barrio, a National Register historic district, has become somewhat
gentrified, but still maintains the urban character of its Hispanic
roots. The Barrio also lies directly south of the 1970s urban renewal
project area and is in distinct contrast to the late 20th century
civic and entertainment buildings of the Tucson Community Center.
The tour will include entrance to select examples of the various
building typologies and other sites, e.g. El Tiradito Wishing Shrine,
and the Convent Avenue Studios, a contemporary application of traditional
building materials by internationally published architect, Rick Joy. |
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| El Presidio Walking Tour | |
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| The neighborhood of El Presidio occupies the site of
Tucson’s original military presidio, built in 1775 (since demolished)
that formed the nucleus of Tucson’s early settlement on the
east side of the Santa Cruz River agricultural flood plain. The walls
of the presidio eventually were torn down or incorporated into residences
of the Sonoran rowhouse typology. Since the end of the 19th century
(and greatly influenced by 1970s urban renewal), the distinct footprint
of the presidio has dissolved and was divided into two areas: a civic
district, including the 1929 Spanish Colonial Revival Pima County
Courthouse, and a predominantly residential area. The residential
area, expanding north from the presidio and originally called Snob
Hollow, became an enclave for affluent American residents whose houses
represented the latest turn-of-the-century architectural stylistic
trends. Houses to be toured include the Fish-Stevens-Duffield House
(1860s Sonoran rowhouses), Corbett House (1907 Mission Revival),
Hinchcliffe Court (1910 auto court of stone bungalows modeled after
St. Francis Court in Pasadena), Steinfeld Mansion (1898 Mission Revival
with interior courtyard), and the Wilder House (1990 adobe courtyard
house). |
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| Bisbee, Arizona | |
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| This mining town, now known as “Old Bisbee”,
is scattered throughout the mountainsides that held the copper that
made this a prosperous boomtown from the 1870s until the 1950s. In
contrast to Ajo Arizona, Bisbee was never a company town, though
the Phelps-Dodge Company sponsored most of its public architecture.
The residential architecture represents the vernacular expression
of available materials and a lack of formal urban planning. Adjacent
to Old Bisbee is the planned residential community of Warren, established
for white-collar executives and mineworkers based on the planning
principles of the City Beautiful Movement. |
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| Tucson's 20th Century Residential Neighborhoods | |
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| A driving tour with limited stops covering some of
Tucson's unique contributions to residential subdivision design.
The tour will pass chronologically through the various phases of
subdivision and architectural design as well as geographically moving
further away from the original town center. Neighborhoods to be toured
include Armory Park, (a late 19th and early 20th century neighborhood
based on the principles of the City Beautiful Movement), Colonia
Solana (a 1928 suburban development designed by California landscape
architect Stephen Child incorporating curvilinear street layouts,
landscaping and deed restrictions, including the use of regional
revival architectural styles), Catalina Foothills Estates (a 1928
master planned community set in the then isolated foothills of the
Catalina Mountains where an architect/developer team controlled all
land use and design decisions) and Winterhaven (a post-war subdivision
distinguished by broad, curving principal streets, a lush oasis-like
landscape of grass lawns and mature evergreen trees as well as the
use of the ranch house typology to create a unified architectural
expression). |
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| Tumamoc Hill and University Indian Ruin, Tucson | |
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| This tour provides a unique glimpse into a pair of
native Hohokam archaeological sites from two distinct periods. Tumamoc
Hill, occupied between 300 BC and AD 450, is one of only a handful
of trincheras, or terrace hillside sites, in the Sonoran Desert.
Its features include terraces, walls, petroglyphs, trails, bedrock
mortars and approximately 150 small, circular pitstructures. University
Indian Ruin, occupied between AD 1100 and 1450, was one of the last
and largest Hohokam villages in the Tucson Basin. Features at this
site represent more Puebloan influences including contiguous-walled
room blocks and house structures arranged around courtyards. The
tour will be conducted by archaeologists, Paul and Suzy Fish who
are currently conducting archaeological investigations at both sites. |
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| San Ignacio de Cabórca Original Jesuit church dates to 1702, but was either replaced or greatly altered in 1772 by the Franciscans. Church characterized by barrel vault and domed crossing as well as a mesquite spiral staircase leading to the roof in the west tower. Wall construction of adobe brick sheathed with fired brick on both inside and out, perhaps evidence of the original Jesuit structure encased by the later Franciscan. San Pedro y San Pablo de Tubutama San Antonio de Oquitoa |
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